night of broken glass quizlet

Of course the "Night of Broken Glass" refers to Kristallnacht, an event that many feel marked the beginning of the Holocaust. "American opinion toward Jews during the Nazi era: Results from quota sample polling during the 1930s and 1940s. The broken windows theory states that visible signs of disorder and misbehavior in an environment encourage further disorder and misbehavior, leading to serious crimes. They were involved in the destruction on Kristallnacht. This event came to be called Kristallnacht (The Night of Broken Glass) because of the shattered glass that littered the streets after the vandalism and destruction of Jewish-owned businesses, synagogues, and homes. After Kristallnacht, the streets and sidewalks of Jewish communities were littered with broken glass from vandalized buildings, giving rise to the names Crystal Night or Night of Broken Glass. The Nazis held the German-Jewish community responsible for the damage and imposed a collective fine of $400 million (in 1938 rates), according to the U.S. One such administrator was Breckinridge Long, who was responsible for carrying out policies relating to immigration. Package nonhazardous lab glass and plastic waste items in sturdy cardboard boxes. Nazi officials ordered German police officers and firemen to do nothing as the riots raged and buildings burned, although firefighters were allowed to extinguish blazes that threatened Aryan-owned property. Word of his death reached Hitler that evening while he was with several key members of the Nazi party at a dinner commemorating the 1923 Beer Hall Putsch. Click the card to flip . German censors sought to block images of Kristallnacht from reaching newspapers in the United States. The broken window fallacy is often used to discredit the idea that going to war stimulates a country's economy. The legislation made further strides in removing Jews from public life. Enter the lesson word most nearly the opposite of the boldfaced word or words. He gave the orders on Kristallnacht. [63] A study conducted in 1933 had then shown that 33% of Nazi Party members held no racial prejudice while 13% supported persecution. Why were the Alien and Sedition Acts controversial? Kristallnacht (krstl-nkht) [Ger.,=night of crystal], in German history, the night of Nov. 9, 1938, a night of violence against Jews and of destruction of the businesses and other property belonging to them. Sweep the area as clean as possible after the larger broken pieces are picked up. This wave of violence took place throughout Germany, annexed Austria, and in areas of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia recently occupied by German troops. They were forced to pay Judenvermgensabgabe, a collective fine or "atonement contribution" of one billion Reichsmarks for the murder of vom Rath (equivalent to 4 billion 2021 or 7billion in 2020 USD), which was levied by the compulsory acquisition of 20% of all Jewish property by the state. [57] Rolf Dessauers recalls how a neighbor came forward and restored a portrait of Paul Ehrlich that had been "slashed to ribbons" by the Sturmabteilung. Leaving behind shattered glass and shattered lives, the event came to be called Kristallnacht, The Night of Broken Glass.. This was the first time Nazi officials made massive arrests of Jews specifically because they were Jews, without any further cause for arrest. Hitlers right hand man. In the immediate aftermath of the pogrom, many German leaders, like Hermann Gring, criticized the extensive material losses produced by the antisemitic riots, pointing out that if nothing were done to intervene, German insurance companiesnot Jewish-owned businesseswould have to bear the costs of the damages. On the night of November 9, 1938, violent Nazi mobs viciously attacked the Jews and Jewish communities of Germany, Austria, and the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia. [22] Mommsen stated: The need for money by the party organization stemmed from the fact that Franz Xaver Schwarz, the party treasurer, kept the local and regional organizations of the party short of money. This is what the Nazis say caused Kristallnacht. How did changing energy needs affect the public's view over time? [6] Over 7,000 Jewish businesses were damaged or destroyed,[7][8] and 30,000 Jewish men were arrested and incarcerated in concentration camps. After assessing the fine, Hermann Gring remarked: The swine wont commit another murder. The cost of the broken window glass alone came to millions of Reichsmarks. Many of the destroyed remains of Jewish property plundered during Kristallnacht were dumped near Brandenburg. [32], The next day, the German government retaliated, barring Jewish children from German state elementary schools, indefinitely suspending Jewish cultural activities, and putting a halt to the publication of Jewish newspapers and magazines, including the three national German Jewish newspapers. The night of broken glass. Shortly before Kristallnacht, U.S. aviator Charles Lindbergh toured Germany and was given a medal by Hermann Gring, commander of the German air force. By the end of 1938, Jews were prohibited from schools and most public places in Germanyand conditions only worsened from there. [9] British historian Martin Gilbert wrote that no event in the history of German Jews between 1933 and 1945 was so widely reported as it was happening, and the accounts from foreign journalists working in Germany drew worldwide attention. This cat's-eye view introduces the Holocaust to children in a gentle way that can open discussion of this period. Kristallnacht: Night Of Broken Glass Kristallnacht happened on the evening and early morning of November ninth and tenth of 1938. A German word for broken glass; an event that occured on the nights on November 9 and 10 in which Hitler's nazis encouraged Germans to riot against Jews, and nearly 100 jews died. It has no desire to have its rights restricted or to be provoked in the future by parasites of the Jewish race. On this day, on 9 November 1938, commenced 48-hours of 'Kristallnacht', also known as 'The night of broken glass' or 'November Progroms'. This massive campaign of anti-Jewish violence is known as Kristallnacht, meaning "Crystal Night" in German. View the list of all donors. Kristallnacht. Sir Kristian Goldmund Aumann. The night of broken glass. The British government approved the Kindertransport program for refugee children. Despite the repressive nature of these policies, through most of 1938, the harassment of Jews was primarily nonviolent. At 1:20 a.m. on November 10, Reinhard Heydrich, in his capacity as head of the Security Police (Sicherheitspolizei) sent an urgent telegram to headquarters and stations of the State Police and to SA leaders in their various districts, which contained directives regarding the riots. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [48] Gring met with other members of the Nazi leadership on 12 November to plan the next steps after the riot, setting the stage for formal government action. As the number of Jews and Romani wanting to leave increased, the restrictions against them grew, with many countries tightening their rules for admission. The Polish government threatened to extradite all Jews who were Polish citizens but would stay in Germany, thus creating a burden of responsibility on the German side. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Answer the following questions in your paragraph: What was the Three Mile Island incident? Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. Graml, Anti-Semitism, p. 13 cited in Friedlnder, op.cit., p 272. Between November 9 and 10, 1938, the pogrom now known as Kristallnacht resulted in the destruction of over 7,500 Jewish businesses, 1,000 synagogues, and any sense of security Jewish people in Germany and its read more, When Ernst vom Rath went to work on the morning of November 7, 1938, he had no idea he would soon be mortally woundedor that his death would serve as the excuse for a two-day terror attack on German Jews. [80] Prior to this large-scale and organized violence against the Jews, the Nazi's primary objective was to eject them from Germany, leaving their wealth behind. The violence continued during the day of November 10, and in some places acts of violence continued for several more days. Goebbels needed a chance to improve his standing in the eyes of Hitler. [59] There was however no personal comment or even acknowledgment from the German leader Adolf Hitler himself about Kristallnacht. Night of Broken Glass Remembrance Day Observances Showing: While we diligently research and update our holiday dates, some of the information in the table above may be preliminary. ", [caption=49cbef24-2268-408a-bac0-6273c9cdadea] - [credit=49cbef24-2268-408a-bac0-6273c9cdadea], Goebbels' words appear to have been taken as a command for unleashing the violence. We have not come together merely to talk again, but to make decisions, and I implore competent agencies to take all measures for the elimination of the Jew from the German economy, and to submit them to me. Six million Reichsmarks of insurance payments for property damage due to the Jewish community were instead paid to the Reich government as "damages to the German Nation". In the 1920s, most German Jews were fully integrated into German society as German citizens. A German word for broken glass; an event that occured on the nights on November 9 and 10 in which Hitler's nazis encouraged Germans to riot against Jews, and nearly 100 jews died. After Kristallnacht: Broken shop windows of German-Jewish business. olice arrested the victims and firefighters were ordered not to intervene. The violence included torching synagogues, vandalizing homes, schools, and graveyards, and destroying thousands of businesses. The turning point. Kristallnacht resulted in the destruction of Jewish homes and hospitals. As retaliation, on November 7, 1938, the agitated teenager shot Ernst vom Rath, a German diplomat in Paris. As with the broken window, war causes resources and capital to be . 1 / 15. Click the card to flip . They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. he official figure for Jewish deaths, released by German officials in the aftermath of Kristallnacht, was 91, but recent scholarship suggests that there were hundreds of deaths, especially if one counts those who died of their injuries in the days and weeks that followed the pogrom. The principle was developed . The name refers to the wave of violent anti-Jewish pogromswhich took place on November 9 and 10, 1938. Many newspapers condemned Kristallnacht, with some of them comparing it to the murderous pogroms incited by Imperial Russia during the 1880s. Feeling Blank Again 5. I hear them marching. The pogrom proved especially destructive in Berlin and Vienna, home to the two largest Jewish communities in the German Reich. The name Kristallnacht comes from the sight of glass on the streets from the windows of synagogues, Jewish-owned businesses and homes being broken. 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