an lushan rebellion death toll percentage
An Lushan approached Changan with limited resistance, and in the summer of 756, the city, which had a metro population of roughly 2 million, was sacked. Matsui, Hitoshi (Japan). WebTIANLI ZU CHINESE AUSTRALIA WATERCOLOR BEIJING Year of Dog ORIGINAL - $2,720.60. [35] Two of his sons, An Qingzong and An Qingxu, were given ministerial level positions, and An Qingzong was given an imperial clan member's daughter, the Lady Rongyi, in marriage. There were many occasions when a major change could have happened but was diverted by chance. Submit interesting and specific facts about something that you just found out here. Chinese territory increased enormously and the In 1211 the Mongols invaded Jin China, capturing and sacking the capital city of Yanjing. Referensi [ sunting | sunting Pemberontakan ini terjadi dari 16 Desember 755 hingga 17 Februari 763, dan jumlah kematian mencapai 36 juta, menjadikannya jumlah kematian akibat perang terbesar hingga Perang Dunia II . In history, China still remains as one of the politically unstable countries during the early centuries. Let us debunk myths, examine the legends of the past, and explore the innovations which have transformed our lives. [15][16], By 736, An Lushan carried a general title and was serving under Zhang Shougui as an officer of the Pinglu Army (, based in modern Chaoyang). After being intercepted escaping, the Yan Emperor committed suicide to avoid capture thus ending the rebellion. Before the revolt, estimates put the Estimating casualties is difficult; some place the death toll as high as 36 million, The event involved military activity and direct deaths from battle, but also [40], By this time, the Tang generals Guo Ziyi and Li Guangbi had fought their way into Emperor An's territory north of the Yellow River, cutting off the communication between Luoyang and Fanyang, causing much fear in An's troops. [32], According to the Song Dynasty historian Sima Guang, it was said that An was attempting to increase his own strength and planning a rebellion, and in 747, he claimed to be building Fort Xiongwu () and asked fellow military governor Wang Zhongsi to contribute troops, hoping to hold onto the troops that Wang would send and not return them. [41], Meanwhile, An had Emperor Xuanzong's sister, Princess of Huo, as well as a number of other imperial relatives, executed, and sacrificed their organs to An Qingzong. In 752, he wanted to launch a major counterattack against the Khitan, requesting that the ethnically Tujue general Li Xianzhong () accompany him. With no true opposition left, the Qing set about pacifying the remnants of Ming China, a task that would take another forty years to complete. [1] In 744, An Rokhan (An Lushan) was made the military governor of Fanyang Province (Hebei), (jiedushi) of Manchuria, by the High Chancellor Li lin-fu, who favored foreign generals because he feared that Chinese generals might usurp his authority at court. Xuanzong accepted An's request despite opposition from chancellors Yang Guozhong and Wei Jiansu, who took An's request as a sign of impending rebellion. Yang Guozhong later accused Wei of bribing An's associate Ji Wen (), and Wei and Ji were both demoted. Please contact the moderators of this subreddit if you have any questions or concerns. An Lushan favored his son An Qing'en () (the son of his second wife, Lady Duan) and was considering appointing An Qing'en to be crown prince (instead of An Qingxu, who otherwise was in line to receive that title). To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here: The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia: Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed. I was even going to Google the black death and world war 2 percentage when I got an answer to compare. It. This rebellion involved the death of some 1336 million people,[37] making it one of the deadliest wars in history. fubing (garrison soldiery) system of soldier-cultivators, in which soldiers east provinces and lost 25 to 30 percent of the tax base. 1), p. 105. or "the luminous", Beckwith, p. 145, n. 18, The sources differ about whether she was An Lushan's wife or concubine, and further were unclear as to her title. However, the Timurid Empire would not long survive its maker. The Tang dynasty began with the victorious Rebellious general An Lushan declared a rivaling Yan Dynasty. Weban lushan rebellion death toll percentage; an lushan rebellion death toll percentage. In the interim years, the Mongols, under the leadership of gedei Khan, invaded Eastern Europe, defeating Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Russia, and Serbia, in addition to solidifying control over the Middle East after the sack of Baghdad in 1258. Beginning in 1206, Genghis Khan, having united the Mongol people under a single banner for the first time in history, unleashed his new empire upon the world. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty , with an attempt to replace it with the Yan dynasty. The rebellion was originally led by An Lushan, a general officer of the Tang military system. Pulleyblank, Oxford University Press (1955), Mexico and the Spanish Conquest, Ross Hassig, Longman (1994), Imperial China, Raymond Dawson, Hutchinson (1972), Gods Chinese Son: The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan, Jonathan Spence, W.W. Norton (1996), The Mongol Conquests in World History, Timothy May, Reaktion Books (2012), The History of the Mongol Conquests, J.J. Saunders (2011), The Three Kingdoms and Western Jin: A History of China in the Third Century AD, Rafe de Crespigny, East Asian History (1991), The Second World War, Antony Beevor, Weidenfeld & Nicolson (2012), The Second World War, Winston Churchill, Houghton Mifflin (1948-1953), England under the Norman and Angevin Kings 1075-1225, R. Bartlett, in New Oxford History of England, J.M. The Ming-Qing transition, also known as the Manchu conquest of China, was a sustained period of conflict between the Qing dynasty of Northeastern China and the Ming dynasty of Southern China. [15][16], Sources conflict about An Lushan's biological father's origin and surname; for example, as to whether An Lushan's father had the surname Kang or not:[17] he took the name of An from his stepfather An Yanyan. Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. He rose to prominence by fighting during the Tang Frontier Wars between 741 and 755. An Lushan Rebellion. By this time, he was even more obese than before, and Emperor Xuanzong, on one occasion, jokingly asked him, "What does this barbaric belly contain?" World War II, the largest and deadliest war in human history, was a global total war between 1939 and 1945, involving more than 30 countries and 100 million participants. (Xuanzong recognized Li Heng's actions and subsequently took the title Taishang Huang (retired emperor).) History sometimes seems to be an inevitable process but it was not. According to army regulations, he was supposed to be executed. At a time that was not recorded in history, he married a Lady Kang as his first wife, and she bore him at least one son, An Qingxu, who, however, was not his oldest son. WebPemberontakan ini juga dikenal sebagai Pemberontakan Tianbao (). 336 BC323 BC. [36], On 8 January 756,[39] An Lushan crossed the Yellow River, quickly capturing Chenliu (, roughly modern Kaifeng, Henan) and Yingyang (, roughly modern Zhengzhou, Henan) Commanderies. Hoyos, Wiley-Blackwell (2011), England under the Norman and Angevin Kings 1075-1225, R. Bartlett, in New Oxford History of England, J.M. 336 BC323 BC. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang China flees the capital of Chang'an during the An Lushan Rebellion. History & Culture. The An Lushan Rebellion began in 755 as a revolt by a disgruntled general in the Tang Dynasty's army, but it soon engulfed the country in unrest that lasted nearly a decade until its end in 763. Wikimedia Commons. Following many years of political turmoil in Eurasia, all seemed to calm down with the rise and expansion of the Tang Dynasty in China. With the Imperial Armies ineffective, the Xian Army, a militia force under Zeng Guofan, served as the primary defense against the dominant Taiping. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty , with an attempt to replace it with the Yan dynasty. China spans five geographical time zones and borders 14 different countries, the second most I mean, I could use the Fravadn Yasht to claim that ancient Persians regularly killed billions of people. However, the battle for eastern China went badly for An Lushan; although his army was large, it was unable to take control of the Suiyang District from the Tang defenders. Matsui 1981. Atlantic Slave Trade (Death Toll Estimate: 15 Million) 13. An Lushan (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: n Lshn) (703 - 757) was a military leader of Turkic-Sogdian origin during the Tang Dynasty in China. The [2][7][18][19][20][21] The An are not to be confused with Anxi, which had been established as a prefecture by the Chinese in 661. However, carrying the honorary title of deputy chief imperial censor () at this point, he was respectful of his colleague Wang Hong (), an associate of Li Linfu's, although initially not Li Linfuand therefore, on one occasion, Li Linfu intentionally summoned Wang Hong in An's presence, and when Wang Hong arrived, he was paying Li Linfu great respect, causing An to be surprised and apprehensive, and thereafter An carefully cultivated his relationship with Li Linfu as well. Teatime History is your one stop destination for a better understanding of human history. The financial structure of the dynasty had collapsed during the In 755,[12] An Lushan, following 8 or 9 years of preparation,[13] instigated the An Lushan Rebellion, proclaiming himself the ruler of a new dynasty, Yan. The rebellion spanned the reigns of three emperors, starting during the reign of Xuanzong and ending during the reign of Daizong. After my death, he will be your emperor." The revolt that rocked the Tang Dynasty. Yang therefore persuaded Emperor Xuanzong to order Geshu to attack the Yan general Cui Qianyou, who was then stationed at Shan Commandery. An Lushan's forces were blocked from the main imperial capital at Chang'an by loyal troops placed in impregnable defensive positions in the intervening mountain passes, until Yang Guozhong, in a grossly inept military judgment, ordered the troops in the passes to attack An's army on open ground. Welcome to r/AskHistorians. Nearly 36 million people died, a toll comparable to the first world war. WebThe death toll of the rebellion according to various sources (http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat0.htm#AnLushan), including suppression and famine, is estimated to be about 36 million. An Lushan Rebellion. Press J to jump to the feed. Dec 13, 2015. After reaching Sichuan, Xuanzong abdicated in favor of the crown prince, who was proclaimed Suzong. The crown prince, Li Heng, fled in the other direction to Lingzhou (today called Lingwu, in modern-day Ningxia province). Seeking to take advantage of the element of surprise, An Lushans forces sought to hurriedly consolidate the north and invade the south. Arriving in Mexico in 1517, two years later an expedition led by Hernn Corts embarked with the goal of subjugating the native populations. At An's request, Emperor Xuanzong allowed him to award his soldiers with high ranks without first receiving imperial approval. Wikimedia Commons. They were demolished, and the road to the capital now lay open. Without central leadership the Heavenly Kingdom fractured, allowing for the gradual defeat of disunited rebellious factions across the next seven years. Jump Marching on the city of Cholula, the second largest in Mesoamerica and the center of the Aztec religion, Corts was welcomed as a guest. Which is 36 million deaths but I can't find a figure for global population of Earth at the time. Wikimedia Commons. In the fall of 755, An Lushan, using the northern provinces of Heibei and Henan as his base, led an army of about 150,000 soldiers from Peking (Beijing) to capture the eastern capital city of Loyang (Luoyang). Led by General An Lushan, the Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Based in present-day Nanjing, the Taiping, led by Hong Xiuquan, was a fanatical Christian movement seeking to impose radical social change upon China. This period of intense instability opened the way for the Tang to regroup and form a united opposition to the rebellion. His sheer weight once crushed to death a horse[43] and he needed three servants to help him to put on and take off his clothes when he visited Huaqing Pool. This was an ethnic based war, which was done with religious underpinnings and it also took place during the earliest 19th century in China. The An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China; it significantly weakened the dynasty. But in his sickness and blindness An became ill-tempered and paranoid, and would flog or even murder his servants if they had caused him any displeasure. The Revolt of An Lushan. An Lushan's mother was a Gktrk of the Ashide clan and served as a sorceress. Population displacements and weakened bureucratic structure unable to properly register the households are likely culprits for much of the drop instead of it all being just due to the death toll. He later settled in Ying Prefecture (, roughly modern Chaoyang, Liaoning). It is estimated to have caused the death of thirty-six million people, due to battle, oppression and famine. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts, Soviet Union & Post-Soviet States | Modern Central Asia. In mid-reign, he fell in love Yang Guifei, the wife of his eighteenth son, and she then became his favorite consort. WebA devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China that began on December 16, 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan dynasty, and ended when the Yan fell on February 17, 763. jiedushi Meanwhile, Yang Guozhong viewed the official Wei Zhi () as a threat and accused Wei of corruption. Up Pemberontakan ini terjadi dari 16 Desember 755 hingga 17 Februari 763, dan jumlah kematian mencapai 36 juta, menjadikannya jumlah kematian akibat perang terbesar hingga Perang Dunia II . [14][31] The chancellor Zhang Jiuling, arguing that An's death would be necessary to preserve military discipline and further believing that An had the appearance of a rebel, advocated An's death, but Emperor Xuanzong believed An to be able and did not want to execute him, and therefore spared him but stripped him of titles, returning him to serve under Zhang. Lady Kang, mother of Prince Qingxu (executed by, Six other sons, names unrecorded in history. Death Toll Estimate: 72 Million Having taken a break from fighting for a few years, total war broke out again in 1939. When An went to Chang'an later that year to pay homage to Emperor Xuanzong, he presented Emperor Xuanzong with 8,000 Xi captives. This rebellion involved the death of some 1336 million people, making it one of the deadliest wars in history. The The rebellion was originally led by An Lushan, a general officer of the Tang military system. A great revolt broke out that shook China to its very core. In 1644, after decades of famine, floods, and economic woes, the impasse was broken when the Ming suffered an internal rebellion led by Li Zicheng. WebSamnite Wars. The American Civil War was not the bloodiest in history since The Battle of Shanhai Pass in 1644 (c. late Ming period). Estimates vary, but the Taiping Rebellion is believed to have claimed between 20 million and 70 million lives, making it one of the deadliest conflicts in human history. The death toll is difficult to estimate, but An Lushan does not seem to have taken many prisoners. The financial structure of the dynasty had collapsed during the On the way, at Mawei Inn in Shaanxi, Xuanzong's bodyguard troops demanded the death of Yang Guozhong, and of his cousin, Lady Yang, whom they held responsible for the political upheaval in China. The toll of dead and missing, including those who died by suppression and famine, is estimated at up to thirty-six million, or two-thirds of the total population on the Subsequently, An induced Geshu to write letters to several Tang generals, urging them to surrender, but they all refused. An Lushan submitted a petition to Emperor Xuanzong to replace 32 Han generals under his command with non-Han generals. Istilah Pemberontakan An Lushan juga digunakan. From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia. Top writer in History, Science, Art, Food, and Culture. [36], On Lunar New Year's day, 756 (5 February[1]), An Lushan declared himself Emperor at Luoyang, establishing a new state of Yan, making Zhang Tongru and the surrendered Tang official Daxi Xun () his chancellors. [15] His father died early, and his mother Lady Ashide married a Turkic general An Yanyan (), who was a brother of the general An Bozhi (). [42], Two years later, in 759, after Shi Siming killed An Qingxu and assumed the imperial title, Shi Siming buried An Lushan with the ceremony due an imperial prince, not an emperor, and gave him the rather unflattering posthumous name of La (, meaning "unthinking").[16]. China spans five geographical time zones and borders 14 different countries, the second most An Qingzong, who was then at Chang'an, reported Yang's attack to An Lushan, causing considerable concern to An Lushan, who, thereafter, refused to attend the funeral of an imperial prince in summer 755, and did not offer to send a large number of horses to Chang'an that autumn, which aroused the suspicions of Emperor Xuanzong. ISBN links support NWE through referral fees. WebScholars estimate that his military campaigns caused the deaths of 17 million people, amounting to about 5% of the world population, leading to a predominantly barbaric legacy. Referensi [ sunting | sunting [35], Despite their cooperation in posthumously accusing Li Linfu, a rivalry soon developed between An and Yang Guozhong, as An did not fear Yang Guozhong the way he did Li Linfu. Wikipedia 10 Russian Civil War The Tang Dynasty (618-907) represented one of the greatest periods of Chinese history. With the army on the verge of mutiny, the Emperor had no choice but to agree, ordering the execution of Yang Guozhong and the suicide of Lady Yang. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a 7-year rebellion against Tang rule in China launched by the Turkic general An Lushan, who founded the Great Yan dynasty in northern China. However, when Emperor Xuanzong tested Yang's hypothesis by summoning An, he immediately showed up in Chang'an and claimed that Yang was making false accusations. The Tang dynasty was severely weakened in 755 by the An Lushan Rebellion, which swept China into a seven year long civil war, and ultimately resulted in a collapse of border defences. An Lushan Rebellion. FOR SALE! WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace it with the Yan Roberts, Oxford University Press (2000), The Hundred Years War, Vol. When the Li Linfu died in 752, An came into conflict with Li's replacement, Yang Guozhong, who was Yang Guifeis cousin, possibly because An Lushan himself had hoped to be appointed to the post of High Chancellor. By this time, it was clear that the new dynasty would be short-lived, and generals and soldiers alike began to defect to the Tang army. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. an lushan rebellion death toll percentagehow to cite creative commons in powerpoint. Zhang was set to execute An Lushan by caning, when An Lushan yelled out, "Is it that you, Lord, do not wish to destroy the two barbarian tribes? From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia. Spanning multiple theaters of war, including Western and Eastern Europe, North Africa, and the Pacific, the Second World War saw France occupied by Germany in 1940, Japan attack the United States in 1941, and Russia betrayed by Germany only to rally and ultimately capture Berlin in 1945. [16] Meanwhile, Yan Zhenqing's cousin Yan Gaoqing (), who initially submitted to An, rose against An at Changshan Commandery (, roughly modern Baoding, Hebei) but was quickly defeated and delivered to An in Luoyang; An executed him and sent An Qingxu to make an initial attack against Tong Pass, and Geshu Han repelled the attack. Emperor Xuanzong responded, "He is the reserve emperor. 3. Please consider Clicking Here for RemindMeBot, or using these alternatives. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Although not even close to the longest war in history, the consequences of World War II were both lasting and devastating. The Conquest of Mexico by Corts; author unknown (c. late 17th century). Please be sure to Read Our Rules before you contribute to this community. He paid frequent visits to the capital and became a personal favorite of Emperor Xuanzong and his beloved Consort, Yang Guifei. [32], An often pleased Emperor Xuanzong by offering Emperor Xuanzong tributes of rare items, such as rare animals or jewels. You learn something new every day; what did you learn today? He created An Qingxu the Prince of Jin and another son, An Qinghe (), the Prince of Zheng. An himself was almost killed, and, after retreating, blamed the defeat on Ge Jie () and Yu Chengxian (), executing them. I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. An Lushan had a highly-trusted Khitan eunuch named Li Zhu'er (). According to historical sources, his original name might have been Aluoshan[14] or Yaluoshan,[15][16] the latter stated by Jiu Tangshu to mean "war" in Old Turkic. In 757, An Lushan was murdered by his own son. Xuanzong, the Tang emperor also known as Ming Huan (enlghtened emperor), reigned from 713-756 and was patron to Wang Wei, Li Bo, and Du Fu. Zhang, seeing that he had a large body and impressed by his plea, released him and had him serve as a police officer, along with Shi, and both of them were said to be capable at catching criminals. The, Historical Development of the Pre-Dynastic Khitan, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=An_Lushan&oldid=1129876077, Articles with dead external links from July 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2016, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, officer of the Pinglu Army , translator. It lasted for two decades and left around 25 million people dead, possibly more. The blow that mortally weakened Tang was the Huang Chao rebellion, which raged for a full decade from 874 to 884. Qingxu the Prince of Jin and another son, An Lushan was murdered by own. Million deaths but i ca n't find a figure for global population of at... 1211 the Mongols invaded Jin China, capturing and sacking the capital and became personal. 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an lushan rebellion death toll percentage