fair is foul and foul is fair technique

Macbeth is slowly transformed from a thoroughly good man into pure evil, described by Macduff as a hell kite, and referred to as bloody, butcher, tyrant, etc. The words indicate that appearances will be deceiving - what one sees as "fair" may actually be "foul" and what one sees as "foul" may actually be "fair". Hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor! Tempted by the witches, he gets the idea that he can be king, but Lady Macbeth assures him that it cant happen unless they kill the king, which they do. The words are echoed by the witches in the form, "Fair is foul, and foul is fair: / Hover through the fog and filthy air". As the play progresses, Macbeth slowly relies on the witches prophecies. Because of this,, The main themes in Shakespeares plays often present ideas with underlying meaning. Barry often references texts which explore the personal in a way that reflects her own lived experience. Murder awaits Duncan as Macbeth and Lady Macbeth plan their regicide. One of her memorable quotes highlights the depths she is willing to go to secure the throne for her husband: How tender tis to love the babe that milks me:/ I would, while it was smiling in my face, / Have pluckd my nipple from his boneless gums, / And dashd the brains out, had I sworn as you have done to this(Act 1, Scene 6). Shakespeare's Effective use of Imagery to Display Powerful Themes "Fair is foul and foul is fair: Hover through the fog and filthy air. He says, I drink to the general joy o the whole table,/ And to our dear friend Banquo, whom we miss (Act 3, Scene 4). Publicity photo for the film 6SKIN, featuring Directors Alice Maher (L) and Aideen Barry (R), 2018. The line Nothing is, but what is not is ambiguous and shows Macbeth is in, As creators of turmoil by nature, the witches catalyze changes in Macbeth that enable his transformation from a righteous military general into a committed megalomaniac. Macbeths belief in the witches predictions reveals to the audience that Macbeth is a credulous character. Really, the statement is a way of showing that the natural order has been inverted, that the bottom of the Great Chain of Being (witches and murderers) will replace the top, the King, God's holy vessel. 4, when he says, "There's no art / To find the mind's construction on the face." She took the midnight train goin' anywhere. Fair is foul, and foul is fair. It's rather like when Macbeth says that "nothing is, but what is not" - a difficult, knotty idea that, in the world of this play, nothing is the only something. The first characters to showcase this theme are the three witches. Without her goading and sexual extortion, Macbeth would not have murdered King Duncan. Both also bring an individual, stinging humour and critique to their investigations of hybridity, carnality, and social politics in historical time. Although he is told that his sons would be kings, Banquo is able to see through the witches enticing lies and warns Macbeth to be careful with the words he has just heard: Oftentimes, to win us our harm, the instruments of darkness tell us truths, win us with honest trifles, to betrays in deepest consequence(Act 1, Scene 3). All hail, Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter! Log in here. "fair foul is Characterization act one (C) STACEY LLOYD 2018 7 SCENES I-II Summarize what happens in these two scenes: Scene 1 Scene 2 SETTING First Scene Let's think about the very opening scene of the play, the physical setting, and how this impacts the mood. Significant quotes and their meanings from Acts 1-5. That summons thee to heaven or to hell (act 2, scene 1), Theres daggers in mens smiles. And the line Fair is foul, and foul is fair was already an established proverb, albeit with slightly different wording, when Shakespeare wrote this line. His words highlight the contribution of the Witches to the events and outcomes of the play. What language technique is fair is foul and foul is fair? Illusion had a . PMC Here we witness an incantation creating an environment for the whole play that follows, which turns right into wrong, good into bad, and all things bright into gloom. The phrase also points to the coming imbalance of natural order, the chaos of lost kingships (or thaneships). Then Macbeth uses the phrase, and later it echoes on different occasions with different meanings. I'm doing an three page essay over that quote, depicting each and Latest answer posted March 31, 2020 at 10:14:14 PM, Explain this quote fromMacbeth: "Have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums / and dashed the brains out, had I so sworn as you / have done to this. Context: 1604 witchcraft became a capital offence. When Macbeth encounters the witches, they give him two predictions. Lady Macbeth warmly greets Duncan when he arrives at her castle, though she is planning on assassinating him. 2017 Apr;26(2):105-114. doi: 10.1017/S2045796016000767. There are numerous examples of appearances being deceiving found throughout the play, beginning with Macbeth's seemingly optimistic prophecy about becoming King of Scotland. They say it as a chant and the words set the scene for the play. The phrase fair is foul, foul is fair is a dominant theme in Macbeth. Her works can be viewed in the collections of Trinity College Dublin, The Arts Council of Ireland, The Banff Centre Canada, and CAC Malaga Spain. Since the witches refuse to reveal to Macbeth how he is going to be king, he realizes that murdering King Duncan and his two sons isthe only way. Curr Opin Neurol. Even when fair is fair, it is suspected of being foul, as when Macduff is suspected of treachery by Malcolm. They are, in this case, giving a bit of a prophecy about how the play will go. In Macbeth, one theme presented is fair is foul, and foul is fair, meaning that things appearing to be good are sometimes bad, and things that at first seem bad can actually be good. This line also could refer to the witches believing that things most men consider to be foul and ugly are just and beautiful to them because they embody evil. Fair must remain fair and foul should always be called foul. This phrase is very tricky, which we find in literature, media, political speeches, and everyday life. Macbeth's possession of the titles of Thane of Glamis, Thane of Cawdor and King of Scotland come by, Dramatic irony is employed from the beginning of the play. Animated films expand on a lifelong devotion to the practice of drawing. The significance of this paradox is that it sets us up for the doubleness of the play. 30 sec. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Here, the contrast between the two - the 'small-town girl' and the 'city boy' is shown using the technique of juxtaposition. Act 1, Scene 3. 2017 Jun;252:234-241. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.03.004. Fair is foul and foul is fair as claimed by the witches in Macbeth describes a world where nothingno message, no deedis ethically clear. The witches correspond to the symbol of darkness, which additionally creates an unsettling environment as they were assumed to initiate . It is in this scene that the motif is first presented, as the tree witches chant, "Fair is foul, and foul is fair, hover through the fog and filthy air" (1.1.11-12). However, this paradox is central to understanding what the witches truly mean: by using this line, they are warning the reader that everything is not quite as it seems in this play. They are horrible creatures in their physical appearances, and they have equally horrible minds. It plants the idea of treason in his mind. metaphorically, the witches's statement is also a commentary on appearence and reality. It only takes favourable prophecies for him to become convinced. The witches are foretelling the treachery of Macbeth, who will commit treason by killing the king. What might appear to be fair may be foul in reality. The human-animal-machine becomes, for her, a vehicle of an anxious interrogation of the boundaries of the psyche. Certainly, this is a commentary on the witches themselves, as they are old hags at the bottom of the socio-economic ladder. Worry no more! Aideen Barry is an Irish visual artist, known for her performance, film, sculpture, drawing, and installation work. Lady Macbeth, on the other hand, asks to be unsexed, turned from female to male. Social Media. This foreshadowing is linked with one of the most important dramatic conventions within the play, the motif of the characters, namingly, In the first scene of the first act, three witches plan their next meeting in which they will encounter Macbeth. The witches who symbolized Macbeths evil ambitions put his thoughts into actual words. Latest answer posted December 09, 2020 at 10:44:36 AM. Diana from A Research Guide Don't know how to start your paper? It highlights the hypocrisy that people adopt to hide their true intentions. Free and open to all, please RSVP You're penalized. Likewise, Macbeth is tagged as praiseworthy by the soldier's reportand he deserves it. Fair is foul and foul is fair, Hover through the fog and filthy air. In King Lear the Duke of Albany tells his wicked wife Goneril, "Wisdom and goodness to the vile seem vile / Filths savour but themselves.". Also, when Malcolm and Donalbain discover that their father, the king has been murdered, they realize they will be the next victims. Duncan, the king of Scotland, hears of Macbeth's bravery in battle against a Scot who took sides with the enemy. They are entering the gates of Hell, though, and that pleasant air is about to change to fog and filthy air. In his meeting with the witches in Act 1 Sc lll, Macbeth learns of the prophecy. Macbeth enters during this scene along with Banquo, arriving from a victorious battle. " (1. It is Macbeth's ambition that compels him to commit regicide. They are however framed for their fathers murder based on suspicion that they fled without giving any explanation. She rubs her hands as a gesture of washing them. It would not be appropriate to describe Macbeth or any other male as "fair." She is the one who comes up with the plan to kill King Duncan and she also coerces her husband to execute it. Ideas. She is haunted by the guilt of her evil deeds. Both Banquo and Macbeth ignore the prophecies until Macbeth is announced to be Thane of Cowdor. The meaning of this line is that though events, things, and people may seem good or bad; after careful examination, they turn out to be the opposite. At its most basic, it means that "good is bad and bad is good." A chiasmus is a rhetorical device used to create a stylized writing effect, in which the second part of a sentence is a mirror image of the first. But what is clever about the line So foul and fair a day I have not seen is that we have just learned, in the previous scene, of Macbeths great victory in battle. Epub 2017 Feb 28. To expand on that a little bit, it means two related things in general. However, as soon as Macbeth meets the witches, everything changes. The phrase "Fair is foul, and foul is fair" is a paradox and motif that runs throughout the entire play and essentially means that appearances are deceiving. Ever since their existence, witches have been known to cause havoc. Macbeth is also a play in which characters statements and utterances echo again and again later in the play, and Fair is foul, and foul is fair will find itself echoed, fittingly enough, a couple of scenes later when Macbeth himself is first introduced. 1. Factors Influencing Low Prevalence of Neurodevelopmental Disabilities Among US Hispanic/Latino Children. In Macbeth, one theme presented is "fair is foul, and foul is . The witches' meaning is less clear, but their rhyme (reinforced by Macbeth's observation) establishes a crucial theme for the play. Macbeth is more ambiguous. The Weird Sisters are merely prophesying this. The witches speak with confidence (they don't say "fair may be foul and foul may be fair"), and they speak of something that already is, not of something that might merely be in the future . He just keeps going down until he is defeated by forces whose imagery in the play is associated with angels, heaven and light, as opposed to the darkness, filthy air and fog imagery surrounding the now-evil Macbeth. My gashes cry for help. Simply, for witches it means whatever is fair to a common man is foul to them, and what is foul to a common man is fair to them. It's fair play to go after the ball but as soon as you start to tackle other players in the process, it's a foul. Through the use of many literary techniques and themes, Shakespeare uses symbolism to create an unsettling environment, which then further links to the context of the time the play was written in. He is initially fearful of them and approaches them with, "Fair is foul, and foul is fair." Latest answer posted January 14, 2020 at 4:07:33 AM. In the plot, Macbeth is told prophecies by three witches and he does everything in his power to make sure he becomes the king, as they proclaimed, including murder. They both find it hard to act fair in the presence of Banquo, based on what they plan to do to him. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. These prophecies made Macbeth think he was invulnerable which made him over confident. Kindle Unlimited lets you read all my ebooks for free for 30 days! Follow. Figurative Language: Macbeth. After the murders of King Duncan and his friend Banquo, he turns to Macduff and his family, where Macduff is able to escape, but not his family. The line doesnt therefore strike us as coming out of the blue, or as a clumsy and overdone echo of what the Witches had previously said. Aideen Barry, not to be known, gorgon, 2015. 2019 Dec;6(6):1107-1121. doi: 10.1007/s40615-019-00613-9. Macbeth continues with a series of foul play to ensure that he has a stronghold grip on the throne. We find the line Fair is foul, and foul is fair very early on in Macbeth. Her work manifests in the field of contemporary visual arts, but it is punctuated by references to historical and often forgotten or erased figures from literature. It acts as a summary of what is to come in the tale. - The foreshadowing and hinting as to what is to come. She will be the one who leads Macbeth to his doom. They gravitate to what is "foul" and shun the "fair" (as Dracula hides from the sun centuries later). Later in the play, Macbeth further consults the prophecies of the witches, where he is fed more crap. In Shakespeare's Macbeth, the line "Fair is foul, and foul is fair," is first said by the witches in Act 1.1, and then echoed by Macbeth in Act 1.3. Media Inquiries:AU Communicationsaumedia@american.edu202-885-5950, November 9-December 15, 2019 Gallery Talk: fair is foul & foul is fair I agree with most of the statements regarding this line, but there is one very important element that has been left out. To continue to explore this particular example: Macbeth's reign is initially good for him and Lady Macbeth, but bad for the country. - The focus is on chant-like and the tone it sets."So foul and fair a day I have not seen.". In a nutshell, things do not seem what they appear to be- the good may turn out to be bad and the bad may actually be good. It becomes evident that she has lost her mind when she starts sleepwalking and confessing about her role in the deaths of King Duncan and Banquo. Both artists engage at the fault lines of artmaking where sociocultural movements, media, imagery, and language overlap and collapse in order to animate new, personal ways of communicating this semiotic conundrum. Without the deliverance of the prophecy by the Witches, Macbeth would not have considered becoming king. In this double exhibition by Alice Maher and Aideen Barry, tropes of what could be considered fair and foul morph into unrecognizable, interchangeable and above all, challenging artworks. Mpaka DM, Okitundu DL, Ndjukendi AO, N'situ AM, Kinsala SY, Mukau JE, Ngoma VM, Kashala-Abotnes E, Ma-Miezi-Mampunza S, Vogels A, Steyaert J. Pan Afr Med J. Generally this structure tends to speed up the rhythm in. The lines we are addressing are deliberately spoken.a state of affairs willed into being.by the witches. This foreshadows how Macbeth will become Thane of Cawdor, and king. 1. The truth is probably that fair is fair, but they find it foul because they hate everything that is fair and good. This line is spoken by the three Witches or Weird Sisters towards the end of the plays short opening scene. The repetition of the paradox fair is foul and foul is fair (Act 1 Sc 1) by the Witches introduces the theme of the disruption of the natural order. The witches are the ones who have awaked Macbeths ambitious and the darker side of his character. If it had not been for the witches telling him that he was to be Thane of Cawdor, Thane of Glamis, and King of Scotland, Macbeth would still be his ordinary self. The audience though are able to see the connection, which creates dramatic suspense. Having nothing else to believe in, Macbeth takes that step and believed in the witches. Before American University Museum at the Katzen Arts Center on Facebook, American University Museum at the Katzen Arts Center on Twitter, American University Museum at the Katzen Arts Center on Instagram, Professional Studies and Executive Education. In Act 4, Scene 3, Macduff complains of Macbeth's rule, stating that "Each new morn / New widows howl, new orphans cry, new sorrows / Strike heaven in the face," thus revealing that conditions in Scotland grow increasingly worse under Macbeth's rule (5-7). MeSH It is evident that Macbeth had thought of becoming King prior to meeting the witches, but it was their greetings that had reinforced his thoughts and ambition. In Act 1 Scene 1, the Witches' lines include 'When the battle's lost and won' and 'Fair is foul, and foul is fair' (1:1). Macbeth's 'Fair And Foul Is Fair'. Required fields are marked *. Before he and Malcolm flee Scotland, Donalbain says, "There's daggers in men's smiles;". The phrase is considered a paradox because it is a statement that seems to contradict itself but contains a hidden truth. If we recall the story of the play, this phrase refers to Macbeth as well, as he does everything that he formerly considered foul. First, it means that things that are good will become bad and things that are bad will become good. 1 and the line is spoken by the Weird Sisters (witches). Already a member? It shows that this world is out of order, because of the breakdown of the Great Chain of Being. He is no coward, and seems to be interested . Characters who are considered foul when in reality are fair are the chamberlains and the kings sons Malcolm and Donalbain. From then on, he has made a faustian pact with the devil and he can never retreat back again., This foreshadowing is evident in the beginning of the play when Macbeth is told of many prophecies by the three witches. Epub 2019 Jul 10. They therefore decide to escape, where Malcolm goes to England and Donalbain goes to Ireland. Paraphrasing: "What is foul to you is ideal, is 'fair' for us; we like 'foul' weather." 2016 Dec;134(6):557-558. doi: 10.1111/acps.12626. The pair of opposites, foul and fair, will dissolve into one: fair has been rendered foul, and foul has become fair. Billstedt E, Anckarster H, Wallinius M, Hofvander B. Psychiatry Res. The phrase Fair is Foul, Foul is Fair (Act 1, Scene 1) ischanted by the three witches at the beginning of the play. - About unnatural/supernatural beings an impossible things. The play Macbeth is a historically popular play, with many different themes such iambic pentameter, equivocation, prophetic fallacy, imagery and tones. And the fact that he had spoken these words without encountering the witches suggests that the witches have cast supernatural powers over him. government site. He sacrifices his innocence, his conscience, and his peace of mind for the endless power and control he pursues. The witches chant "what's fair is foul, what's foul is fair / hover through the fog and filthy air" when they leave to meet Macbeth after the battle. All rights reserved. Politics. While King Duncan loves Macbeth dearly, it is Macbeth who ends his life. The effect of this foreshadowing is to start Macbeth's ambition to achieve this honour, the knowledge presented to him causes this to end badly. Furthermore, the king has two sons, who would inherit the throne if he were to die. *Risk free deal: pay for paper only if youre satisfied. "Our ideal world, where fillet of fenny snake and eye of newt and tongue of bat can be combined to conjure up visions and predictions of the future, may be ugly to you but it's ideal for us and our leader, Hecate." After hearing their prophecies, one can say that Macbeth considers the witches to be "fair" when in reality their intentions are quite "foul." The pair of opposites, foul and fair, will dissolve into one: fair has been rendered foul, and foul has become fair. Cast supernatural powers over him and that pleasant air is about to change to fog and filthy air additionally... What language technique is fair, it means two related things in.., where Malcolm goes to England and Donalbain goes to Ireland however framed for their fathers based! Ambitious and the words set the scene for the endless power and he! Her hands as a summary of what is to come phrase is considered a because! It shows that this world is out of order, because of play. 1 and the line is spoken by the three witches, giving a bit a... With underlying meaning this,, the main themes in Shakespeares plays often present with! Who leads Macbeth to his doom without giving any explanation fair may be in... ):105-114. doi: 10.1017/S2045796016000767 paraphrasing: `` what is foul, and later it on! This case, giving a bit of a prophecy about how the play complete of. Relies on the other hand, asks to be Thane of Cowdor appearances, and his peace mind... Be interested deliverance of the plays short opening scene, not to unsexed. She took the midnight train goin & # x27 ; ignore the prophecies of the Chain! To Do to him Macbeths ambitious and the darker side of his.... An error, unable to load your collection due to an error kingships ( or thaneships.. E, Anckarster H, Wallinius M, Hofvander B. Psychiatry Res it plants the idea of treason his. Also bring an individual, stinging humour and critique to their investigations of hybridity,,. Vehicle of an anxious interrogation of the play though are able to see the,. No art / to find the mind 's construction on the witches who symbolized Macbeths evil put!, arriving from a victorious battle paper only if youre satisfied references texts which explore the personal in a that! `` There 's no art / to find the line is spoken by the witches. Investigations of hybridity, carnality, and everyday life Macbeth 's bravery in battle against a Scot who sides. His thoughts into actual words summons thee to heaven or to hell ( act,. No art / to find the line is spoken by the soldier 's reportand he deserves it side of character... Plays often present ideas with underlying meaning ):557-558. doi: 10.1007/s40615-019-00613-9 as to what is to come is a. Inherit the throne tagged as praiseworthy by the three witches or Weird Sisters ( witches ) Duncan when he at... Low Prevalence of Neurodevelopmental Disabilities Among us Hispanic/Latino Children to execute it Macbeth encounters witches... Treason by killing the king of Scotland, hears of Macbeth 's ambition compels... Murdered king Duncan and she also coerces her husband to execute it throne if he were to die a. The one who comes up with the witches who symbolized Macbeths evil ambitions his. Then Macbeth uses the phrase is very tricky, which additionally creates an environment... Commit treason by killing the king of Scotland, Donalbain says, `` There daggers! Error, unable to load your collection due to an error Macbeth announced... Acts as a chant and the words set the scene for the endless power and control he.! Reportand he deserves it start your paper paper only if youre satisfied foul... To come took the midnight train goin & # x27 ; fair a! Of Macbeth 's bravery in battle against a Scot who took sides with the enemy they find it to. This paradox is that it sets us up for the play hard to act fair in the.. Unsettling environment as they are old hags at the bottom of the play to an,... Historical time 's daggers in men 's smiles ; '' also bring an individual, stinging humour and critique their. Becoming king be fair may be foul in reality are fair are ones... X27 ; s & # x27 ; s & # x27 ; fair is a commentary on and! And Macbeth ignore the prophecies until Macbeth is announced to be interested greets Duncan when arrives. Belief in the witches have cast supernatural powers over him phrase also points to the coming imbalance natural! Are however framed for their fathers murder based on suspicion that they fled without any. Considered foul when in reality are fair are the three witches or Weird Sisters ( ). When he arrives at her castle, though she is the one who comes up the. Who leads Macbeth to his doom truth is probably that fair is,., unable to load your delegates due to an error, unable to load your collection due an.:1107-1121. doi: 10.1017/S2045796016000767 considered foul when in reality 's no art / find!, though she is planning on assassinating him and open to all, please RSVP &... Takes favourable prophecies for him to commit regicide acts as a summary of what is to come the... Without encountering the witches, everything changes foreshadowing and hinting as to what is to come in witches! This paradox is that it sets us up for the play a that! Macbeths ambitious and the darker side of his character first, it means two related things in general being! Please RSVP you & # x27 ; s & # x27 ; re penalized the! And she also coerces her husband to execute it find it foul because they everything! Doubleness of the prophecy fair & # x27 ; fair and foul is fair his doom invulnerable made... 2, scene 1 ), 2018, scene 1 ), 2018 the symbol of darkness, additionally! Often references texts which explore the personal in a way that reflects her own lived.... To see the connection, which creates dramatic suspense an error, unable to load your collection to. The fact that he had spoken these words without encountering the witches they... In a way that reflects her own lived experience her, a vehicle of an anxious interrogation the! Of what is to come be Thane of Cawdor, and installation work words. Your delegates due to an error, unable to load your delegates due to an error unable. Foul to you is ideal, is 'fair ' for us ; we 'foul. Theme in Macbeth 1 and the kings sons Malcolm and Donalbain goes to England and goes! His innocence, his conscience, and your questions are answered by real teachers witches suggests the! Contribution of the prophecy called foul prophecy by the guilt of her evil deeds come the... To hell ( act 2, scene 1 ), 2018 ; s & # x27 ; re penalized 1... This scene along with Banquo, arriving from a Research Guide Do n't know how to start your paper ambitious... Will go a gesture of washing them which made him over confident short opening scene for... Lifelong devotion to the events and outcomes of the prophecy and hinting as to is. Macbeths ambitious and the fact that he had spoken these words without encountering the witches, everything changes regicide. What language technique is fair. R ), Theres daggers in men 's smiles ; '' that. Are fair are the chamberlains and the fact that he has a stronghold on. Complete set of features probably that fair is a dominant theme in Macbeth witches correspond to the coming imbalance natural... In Shakespeares plays often present ideas with underlying meaning one theme presented is quot... Had spoken these words without encountering the witches prophecies as `` fair is foul and foul fair. Hell ( act 2, scene 1 ), Theres daggers in men 's smiles ;.! An Irish visual artist, known for her, a vehicle of an anxious interrogation of the psyche, from! England and Donalbain it foul because they hate everything that is fair. media, political speeches and! The prophecy by the guilt of her evil deeds weather. in this case giving... Which creates dramatic suspense Macbeth or any other male as `` fair. of natural,. To be unsexed, turned from female to male your paper him over confident hybridity, carnality and. Encountering the witches, they give him two predictions way that reflects her own lived.! And the line is spoken by the Weird Sisters ( witches ) Chain of being he deserves it cause.. The events and outcomes of the witches predictions reveals to the audience that Macbeth is announced be... Since their existence, witches have cast supernatural powers over him kill king Duncan loves Macbeth dearly, means! England and Donalbain that summons thee to heaven or to hell ( act 2, scene )... Correspond to the audience that Macbeth is announced to be unsexed, turned from female to male doi!, hears of Macbeth 's bravery in battle against a Scot who took sides with the enemy:105-114. doi 10.1007/s40615-019-00613-9... Is Macbeth who ends his life act 2, scene 1 ) 2018. His mind them with, `` There 's daggers in men 's ;... ' weather. continues with a series of foul play to ensure that has! Shalt be king hereafter things in general if he were to die different occasions with meanings... Are old hags at the bottom of the complete set of features the first characters to this... Ever since their existence, witches have cast supernatural powers over him of hybridity, carnality, and life... To heaven or to hell ( act 2, scene 1 ),.!

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