how many languages did henry wadsworth longfellow speak

Full Name: Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 1807-1882. In 1836 Longfellow returned to Harvard and settled in the famous Craigie House, which was later given to him as a wedding present when he remarried in 1843. Some years after Longfellows death a violent reaction set in against his verse as critics dismissed his conventional high-minded sentiments and the gentle strain of Romanticism that he had made so popular. She died shortly after 10 the next morning, July 10, after requesting a cup of coffee. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, (born February 27, 1807, Portland, Massachusetts [now in Maine], U.S.died March 24, 1882, Cambridge, Massachusetts), the most popular American poet in the 19th century, known for such works as The Song of Hiawatha (1855) and "Paul Revere's Ride" (1863). When he was offered a professorship at Harvard, with another opportunity to go abroad, he accepted and set forth for Germany in 1835. [2] He grew up in what is now known as the Wadsworth-Longfellow House. However, as Longfellow himself wrote, the poems were "so mild that even a Slaveholder might read them without losing his appetite for breakfast". Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807 - 1882) was America's most beloved nineteenth-century poet, . Chamber Music This page intentionally left blank CHAMBER MUSIC A Listener's Guide JAMES M. KELLER 1 2011 3 Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Longfellow met Boston industrialist Nathan Appleton and his family in the town of Thun, Switzerland, including his son Thomas Gold Appleton. There is little action in the story as Longfellow tells it: the Acadians submit quietly to British tyranny; Gabriels adventures take place out of sight; and Evangelines quest involves a good deal of travel, admittedly, but no conflict. . Longfellow published in 1872 what he intended to be his masterpiece, Christus: A Mystery, a trilogy dealing with Christianity from its beginning. The recent graduate was asked to become the first professor, with the understanding that he should be given a period of time in which to travel and study in Europe. He was awarded an honorary doctorate of laws from Harvard in 1859. The most warmly received of such poems composed in the 1850s, however, was The Childrens Hour, which reflected the poets delight in his small daughters. Hiawatha introduces his tribe to agriculture through his encounter with the corn god Mondamin, to transportation by inventing the birch canoe, and to picture-writing. 'When We Two Parted' 8. To a Lady 5. one of the few truly successful English translations comes from Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, a professor of Italian at Harvard and an acclaimed poet. Stanzas to a Lady on Leaving England 13. In that university town he met William Cullen Bryant, who had been a major influence on his early poetry and an inspiring model of American authorship. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was born on February 27, 1807 in Portland, to Stephen and Zilpah Longfellow. 'Well! Henry,Edward Berens,Lyman Frank Baum,E.T.A. [51] Longfellow was well liked as a professor, but he disliked being "constantly a playmate for boys" rather than "stretching out and grappling with men's minds."[52]. Longfellows goal in this second European journey was to acquaint himself with Scandinavian languages while strengthening his command of German language and literature. Shortly after his return from Europe, he began his courtship of Mary Potter, daughter of Judge Barrett Potter; she was a Portland neighbor who was a friend of his sister Anne. [50] The Southern Literary Messenger immediately put Longfellow "among the first of our American poets". Today, Longfellow's face and words still appear on a variety of consumer goods. Farnham, Russell Clare and Dorthy Evelyn Crawford. She serves as a model of affection that hopes, and endures, and is patient. The crucial event of the story is the reunion that almost happens but fails, when Gabriels northward-bound boat passes at night by the one in which Evangeline and their priest are resting on their journey to his fathers new home. Corn Laws abolished Henry Mayhew's London Labour and the London Poor begins publication in The Morning Chronicle (two volumes published 1852; four volumes 1862) Charles Dickens's David Copperfield begins serial publication (volume publication 1850) . On the Continent he learned French, Spanish, and Italian but refused to settle down to a regimen of scholarship at any university. [127] Poet Walt Whitman considered him an imitator of European forms, but he praised his ability to reach a popular audience as "the expressor of common themesof the little songs of the masses". [95] As he says, "what a writer asks of his reader is not so much to like as to listen". I say she shall! From flurries to relentless storms, why snow makes American poetry American. [133] An editor of the Boston Evening Transcript wrote in 1846, "Whatever the miserable envy of trashy criticism may write against Longfellow, one thing is most certain, no American poet is more read". His works are still regularly anthologised after nearly a century and a half. Hyatt Waggoner observed the irony of Longfellows having been most appreciated in his own time for A Psalm of Life, noting that though it intends to mean that life is worth living after all, what it effectively does mean is that life must be worth living but the poet cant think why. Born on February 27 46. But his words also remind us that behind the clouds, the sun is always still shining. Sorrows beset them, however: from Copenhagen, Mary Goddard was summoned home by news of her fathers death; in Amsterdam the ailing Mary Potter Longfellow suffered a miscarriage in October 1835. The boys first publication, appearing in the November 17, 1820 Portland Gazette and signed simply Henry, drew on local history for a melancholy four-quatrain salute to warriors who fell at The Battle of Lovells Pond. A family friends dismissal of the piece as both stiff and derivative may have discouraged Henrys ambition for the time. M. Brook Taylor, "The Poetry and Prose of History: W. S. Tryon, "Nationalism and International Copyright: Tennyson and Longfellow in America,", Edward L. Tucker, "References in Longfellow's, S. Ullmann, "Composite Metaphors in Longfellow's Poetry,", Hyatt H. Waggoner, "Five New England Poets: The Shape of Things to Come," in his, Thomas Wortham, "William Cullen Bryant and the Fireside Poets," in. Unenthusiastic about a legal career, Longfellow bargained with his father for a year of postgraduate study in literature and modern languages while he explored possibilities of supporting himself by writing. But when Henry was a senior at Bowdoin College at 19, the college established a chair of modern languages. These virtues made him sovereign of more hearts than any other poet of his generation. James Russell Lowell also traced Longfellows honored status to personal virtues in demanding of the irascibly jealous Poe, Does it make a man worse that his characters such / As to make his friends love him (as you think) too much? Although Longfellow introduced a love story in his account of Hiawathas wooing of Minnehaha, their marriage, and her death, for the most part he assembled legends he found in Schoolcrafts many books to exalt his Ojibway hero as a leader of supernatural birth (son of the West Wind, Mudjekeewis, and of Wenonah, whose mother, Nokomis, had fallen from the heavens) who leads his people in ways of peace. "[138] Twentieth-century poet Lewis Putnam Turco concluded that "Longfellow was minor and derivative in every way throughout his career nothing more than a hack imitator of the English Romantics. [141] As James Russell Lowell said, Longfellow had an "absolute sweetness, simplicity, and modesty". He moved ahead to new dramatic poems, notably Judas Maccabeus in Three Books of Song (1872) and The Masque of Pandora (1875); Michael Angelo, his last major poem, appeared posthumously in 1883 in its unfinished condition. There he began courting Appleton's daughter Frances "Fanny" Appleton. It was reported that 10,000 copies of The Courtship of Miles Standish sold in London in a single day. Written in anapestic tetrameter meant to suggest the galloping of a horse, this folk ballad recalls a hero of the American Revolution and his famous midnight ride to warn the Americans about the impending British raid on Concord, Massachusetts. Although she proceeded with her husband and Clara Crowninshield to Rotterdam, Marys health declined over the next weeks and she died on November 29, leaving her widower stricken and disbelieving. Again, Longfellow coped with sorrow by plunging himself into literary workthis time of an intensely challenging sort. Help . He began working on a dramatic poem about Puritan persecution of the Quakers, which was eventually included in one of the three New England Tragedies within Christus. [46] It is preserved today as the Longfellow HouseWashington's Headquarters National Historic Site. "End of Evangeline, by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow." There should be 5 seconds silence at the end of the recording, or 10 seconds for files longer than 30 minutes. In a word, we want a national literature altogether shaggy and unshorn, that shall shake the earth, like a herd of buffaloes thundering over the prairies. [59] The New England Anti-Slavery Association, however, was satisfied enough with the collection to reprint it for further distribution. [77] Longfellow was very quiet, reserved, and private; in later years, he was known for being unsocial and avoided leaving home.[144]. [140], Over the years, Longfellow's personality has become part of his reputation. Longfellows most ambitious effort in prose, Hyperion blended the sketchbook attributes of Outre-Mer with elements of the Romance as Longfellow developed the fictional persona of Paul Flemming to act out his lingering grief for Mary, rejected love for Fanny, and poetical aspirations spurred by German authors. Longfellow was grief- stricken over her death, and wrote poems that reflected his feelings. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. The famed poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow once penned the beautiful words, "Be still, sad heart! Although Paul Reveres Ride and The Birds of Killingworth, the most familiar of these poems today, give an impression of New England focus, the great majority had European settings and sources. Why did Henry Wadsworth Longfellow write a Psalm of Life? Longfellow laid the groundwork for other authorial careers by persuading readers of the importance of art as well as by demonstrating how literature could be turned into a paying proposition in a country known for material ambition. He stifled the flames with his body, but she was badly burned. Other libraries with Longfellow materials include the Bowdoin College Library; the Massachusetts Historical Society; the Boston Public Library; the Pierpont Morgan Library; the Berg Collection, New York Public Library; the Library of Congress; the Clifton Wallen Barrett Library, University of Virginia; the Henry E. Huntington Library; the Parkman Dexter Howe Library, University of Florida; and the University of Washington Library. In Germany, Longfellow formed a close friendship with the poet Ferdinand Freiligrath, and in England he deepened an earlier acquaintance with Charles Dickens. The most sustained and challenging project Longfellow undertook in this period of bereavement was his blank-verse translation of The Divine Comedy. The familys domestic bliss, however, was about to be shattered. Kramos and Other Poems appeared in 1878 with a title poem that linked Longfellows boyhood interest in Portland pottery with his later travels and readings to present a particularly effective statement of his poetics. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). From a New Historicist standpoint Longfellow is classified with others in Fieldss Houghton-Mifflin stable as one of those authors used to impose a presumed high culture of English Puritan origins on subsequent generations and immigrant populations, even though Longfellow might also be recognized as one whose broadly inclusive responsiveness to European traditions could have smoothed assimilation for the children of newcomers from central and southern Europe. He has been criticized for imitating European styles and writing poetry that was too sentimental. Poems such as Paul Reveres Ride, Evangeline, A Tale of Acadie (1847), and A Psalm of Life were mainstays of primary and secondary school curricula, long remembered by generations of readers who studied them as children. [109] Emerson was disappointed and reportedly told Longfellow: "The world is expecting better things of you than this You are wasting time that should be bestowed upon original production". thou art happy' 10. He prepared himself further with study abroad (at his own . The trip began happily with a London visit and Longfellows introduction to Thomas Carlyle, whose excitement over Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller heightened Longfellows interest in German Romanticism. We speak of a continuum because there are inter- mediate economies, combining horticultural and agricultural featuresmore intensive than annually shifting horticulture but less intensive than agricul- ture. English Literature - Jamie Handitye "Fair is foul and foul is fair" In the quote above, we are introduced to the witches in the very first scene of Macbeth. [56] After returning, he published the play The Spanish Student in 1842, reflecting his memories from his time in Spain in the 1820s. Fanny Longfellow took pride in her husbands growing reputation and actively assisted him. Resuming friendship with Fanny and Mary Appleton and their brother Tom, Longfellow was crushed by Fannys rejection of his 1837 marriage proposal. Evangeline A Tale of Acadie Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882) Longfellow and Mary Potter were married in September 1831. After graduating from Bowdoin College, he traveled . [13] He boarded with a clergyman for a time before rooming on the third floor[14] in 1823 of what is now known as Winthrop Hall. Public speaking provided other outlets for Henrys artistic and rhetorical skills at Bowdoin: in his Junior Exhibition performance he anticipated The Song of Hiawatha (1855) by speaking as a North American Savage in a dialogue with an English settler, and his commencement address argued for redirection of national values in support of Our American Authors. As the title suggests, the collection included many poems influenced by his 1842 travels in northern Europe; among them were the title poem, Nuremberg, The Norman Baron, Walter Von Der Vogelweid, and several translations. kbookmyer Plus. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, (born February 27, 1807, Portland, Massachusetts [now in Maine], U.S.died March 24, 1882, Cambridge, Massachusetts), the most popular American poet in the 19th century, known for such works as The Song of Hiawatha (1855) and Paul Reveres Ride (1863). In the fall of 1822, 15-year-old Longfellow enrolled at Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine, along with his brother Stephen. [17], He pursued his literary goals by submitting poetry and prose to various newspapers and magazines, partly due to encouragement from Professor Thomas Cogswell Upham. Chapter 4 / Lesson 6. 1. [147] A public monument by Franklin Simmons was erected in Longfellows birthplace of Portland, Maine, in September 1888. [91], Much of Longfellow's work is categorized as lyric poetry, but he experimented with many forms, including hexameter and free verse. Longfellow, born in Maine in 1807, became an epic poet of sorts for American history, writing about the American Revolution in the way bards of old wrote about conquests across Europe. On the advice of George Ticknor of Harvard, Longfellow decided to add German to French, Spanish, and Italian. My . In this essay, the author. Restless and sorrowful, Longfellow then set out alone to travel through the Tyrol and Switzerland. Written for the 15th reunion of his Bowdoin College class, it is a memorable reflection on aging and is Longfellows most admired ode. Hoffmann, and Novalis (Friedrich von Hardenberg)that awakened a new sense of poetry as emotional expression. Previous boarders included Jared Sparks, Edward Everett, and Joseph Emerson Worcester. A Psalm of Life (1838) expresses both the confusion of his feelings in that time of discouragement and his resolve not to succumb to mournful passivity. [84], During the 1860s, Longfellow supported abolitionism and especially hoped for reconciliation between the northern and southern states after the American Civil War. It was probably the most celebrated American poem of the century. Although Churchills failure results most of all from his own limitationshis inattentiveness to sources of inspiration nearest at hand and his lack of driving literary commitmentit also reflects the indifference of Americans to artistic aspirations not in tune with the chauvinistic bombast of the comical magazine editor of the book, who calls for a national literature altogether shaggy and unshorn, that shall shake the earth, like a herd of buffaloes thundering over the prairies. Longfellow published two collections of verse by other poets, The Waif (1845) and The Estray (1846), each preceded by an original poem relating to the poet and his audience. Longfellows immense popularity helped raise the status of poetry in his country, and he played an important part in bringing European cultural traditions to American audiences. Elected to the Peucinian Society, he mixed with the academically ambitious students of the college (more serious than his brother or than classmates Nathaniel Hawthorne, Franklin Pierce, and Horatio Bridgeall belonging to the Athenean Society). Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. Can you blame him? Longfellow had become one of the first American celebrities and was popular in Europe. . 20th-century poets such as Robert Frost, Robert Lowell, and Howard Nemerov have been kinder to Longfellow than literary critics and historians. [9] There Longfellow met Nathaniel Hawthorne who became his lifelong friend. Longfellows long poem The Courtship of Miles Standish (1858) was another great popular success. The framework Longfellow provided, however, allowed his six storytellers (the Landlord, the Student, the Spanish Jew, the Italian, the Musician, and the Theologian) to criticize each others presentations and draw out lessons of tolerance, forgiveness, and faith. What is Longfellow's full name? That same year Longfellow published Hyperion, a romantic novel idealizing his European travels. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was an American poet who used narrative poems to memorialize people and events in American history, including Paul Revere. Most of us only get one life. Analyzes how henry wadsworth longfellow, born in portland, maine on february 27th, 1807, opened the eyes of americans everywhere through his rhythmic poetry. SOLO: Evangeline, by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow-neb. [83] He is buried with both of his wives at Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Pegasus in Pound (1846), by contrast, offers a humorous rebuke to the pragmatic, materialistic Yankee culture that confined arts winged steed and handled him as a piece of property. [45] Elizabeth Craigie owned the home, the widow of Andrew Craigie, and she rented rooms on the second floor. In 1854 he resigned his Harvard professorshippartly because of his eyesight, partly for relief from academic pressures and contention with the university corporation on behalf of his department, but probably most of all because he found he could support his household on the strength of his poetry and desired more opportunity for writing. The independent-minded Fanny was not interested in marriage, but Longfellow was determined. Like several other poems, this celebration of familial happiness from the time of a couples wedding until their golden anniversary appeared in a separate illustrated edition before it was collected. When an eye injury that may have resulted from his intensive editing and translating efforts for the massive The Poets and Poetry of Europe (1845) interfered with his writing, she helped by reading aloud for him, copying out his poem drafts, and handling much of his correspondence. Near Interlaken he met Nathan Appleton, a wealthy Boston merchant, and continued his journey with Appleton and Appletons charming and accomplished family. Learn about the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and his biography, poems, and critical reception. [50] Poet John Greenleaf Whittier said that Longfellow's poetry illustrated "the careful moulding by which art attains the graceful ease and chaste simplicity of nature". . on 13 Jul 1843 in Cambridge, Middlesex Co., MA; they had the following. He spent much of his summers as a child at his grandfather Peleg's farm in Hiram, Maine. [55] During the courtship, Longfellow frequently walked from Cambridge to the Appleton home in Beacon Hill in Boston by crossing the Boston Bridge. Example filename evangeline_##_longfellow.mp3; Example ID3 V2 tags Title: ## - [Part number] Artist: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Album: Evangeline Their children were: Alice Mary born in about 1850, Ernest Wadsworth born in about 1845, Charles Appleton born in about 1844, Fanny born in about 1847 and died in 1848, Edith born in 1853, and Anne Allegra born in 1855. Out of the bosom of the Air, Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken, Over the woodlands brown and bare, Over the harvest-fields forsaken, Silent, and soft, and slow Descends the snow. The schoolchildren of Cambridge, Massachusetts presented him in 1879 with a chair carved from the wood of the spreading chestnut-tree immortalized in The Village Blacksmith. His picture appeared among Our American Poets in classrooms across the United States, thanks to Fieldss success in placing Longfellow, Ralph Waldo Emerson, John Greenleaf Whittier, James Russell Lowell, and Oliver Wendell Holmes in textbooks that established canonical readings for many decades. Five years earlier Longfellow was one of many who believed the time for peace had passed with John Brown's execution for attempting to arm slaves . In his years there, he earned a reputation as being very studious and became fluent in Latin. [112] In the January 23, 1828 issue of his magazine The Yankee, he wrote, "As for Mr. Longfellow, he has a fine genius and a pure and safe taste, and all that he wants, we believe, is a little more energy, and a little more stoutness. [25] While overseas, he learned French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and German, mostly without formal instruction. [5] He was the second of eight children. This collection consisted of narrative poems composed in a great variety of metric patterns. [137] In the 20th century, literary scholar Kermit Vanderbilt noted: "Increasingly rare is the scholar who braves ridicule to justify the art of Longfellow's popular rhymings. Longfellow attended a dame school at the age of three and was enrolled by age six at the private Portland Academy. [39] In October 1835, his wife Mary had a miscarriage during the trip, about six months into her pregnancy. As he had honored European poets by translating their work into English, he lived to see his own poems translated into 24 languages. . More important, Longfellow turned back to poetry after that second European journey and found encouragement in the warm reception of a group of poems he classified loosely as psalms. Although he never received any money from Knickerbockers, where several of these poems first appeared, Longfellow discovered an appreciative public response to the sad wisdom he had distilled from the disappointments of life; sadness empowered him to speak comforting, encouraging words to the many readers who responded gratefully to A Psalm of Life, The Reaper and the Flowers, The Light of Stars, Footsteps of Angels, and Midnight Mass for the Dying Year. He collected these and other early poems in Voices of the Night, like Hyperion published in 1839, and followed up on that success with Ballads and Other Poems (1842), which featured short narrative poems such as The Skeleton in Armor and The Wreck of the Hesperus, a character sketch that he thought of as another psalm titled The Village Blacksmith, and a poem of Romantic inspiration, Excelsior. He was exploring American subject matter in many of these poemseven in The Skeleton in Armor, which drew an unexpected link between medieval Scandinavian war songs and New England antiquities. Variety of metric patterns morning, July 10, after requesting a cup coffee!, 1807 in Portland, Maine, in September 1831 1807 - 1882 ) another... Login ) to improve this article ( requires login ) into 24 languages poetry American in Europe and poetry... Craigie, and Novalis ( Friedrich von Hardenberg ) that awakened a New sense of poetry as expression! The advice of George Ticknor of Harvard, Longfellow decided to add German to French, Spanish and... Travel through the Tyrol and Switzerland German language and literature his blank-verse translation the. 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Town of Thun, Switzerland, including Paul Revere this article ( requires login ) poetry American Nathaniel Hawthorne became... Of metric patterns Appleton and his biography, poems, and German, mostly without instruction.

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