disadvantages of financial services compensation scheme

A recent SFA survey outlined some advantages and disadvantages: Advantages. Other necessary plans for the average employee are retirement and life insurance plans. A well-articulated compensation philosophy drives organizational success by aligning pay and other rewards with business strategy. Compensation divides into two parts: direct and indirect compensation. FSCS describes itself as "the compensation fund of last resort for customers of authorised financial services firms". Welfare programs help people during their greatest time of need. a house sale or inheritance. You might be able to claim some compensation from FSCS, under the right circumstances. However, this is a scheme that has its limits. When expanded it provides a list of search options that will switch . Because brand names are not always listed on the FS register, you should look for the name of the . Disadvantages of compensation and benefits are the consequences of choosing the wrong kinds of staff compensation in business, which is an important subject for organizations to thoroughly evaluate in order to choose the best possible compensation plans and policies for their employees that will . There is no reason not to consider using these providers, but it is important that you investigate and are comfortable with the scheme that it comes under or call us for more information. The Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS), first introduced in 2001 under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, is an independent body that provides compensation to consumers in the event that financial firms fail. It made sure European Union (EU) member states all had a deposit guarantee scheme in place. The rewards package will include bonus for company meeting and exceeding profits and will be awarded semi-annual at the rate of 10% of the annual salary. Fact checked. Commission incentives sometimes motivate staff to use an overly aggressive approach to secure business. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. The per financial services firm part is important. Compare saving rates and terms and apply online. LinkedIn and 3rd parties use essential and non-essential cookies to provide, secure, analyze and improve our Services, and (except on the iOS app) to show you relevant ads (including professional and job ads) on and off LinkedIn. Because the FSCS is per person, each holder of a joint account receives the 85,000 limit. 1.12 No-fault schemes provide an alternative route to financial compensation for harm allegedly caused through medical treatment. The Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS) was set up in 2001 to protect consumers' savings in the event their bank or building society went bust. It is important to note that this protection does not cover every type of windfall or lump sum, but a specified list of major events. Therefore, it is critical to ensure a reward package is in place to motivate the employee. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". 6. Those with joint accounts would be protected up to 170,000 with each financial institution. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Due to government regulations the benefits package will include protection under the following laws: FMLA, FSLA, and Affordable health care act. Unfortunately, it also encourages hierarchy, which may increase organizational bureaucracy. The availability of the pool is triggered by a single metric which the team can influence, for example, sales revenue, production volumes, project expenditure or costs. The Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS) is a scheme thatprotects savers and compensates them if their chosen savings provider ceases trading and is unable to return their funds. The payment receives from work done on the behalf of people getting the employment. If youre hoping to rely on protection like this when youre investing or saving your money, its important to make sure that the products and companies youre using are covered. If you have a problem with a different type of financial services firm, such as an insurer or mortgage broker, you may need to submit your claim by contacting FSCS directly. The information on this page is intended to help consumers understand our approach to awards where the impact isn't financial - and the business's mistake has caused distress or inconvenience. Knowing this about me and everyone else that wears the uniform, the Army compensated us accordingly. However, it is only the case when a company only considers a system that holds high monetary value against it to be effective. It may also cause people to exaggerate their job worth. Direct compensation is the money directly paid to employees in exchange for their labor. Employee Tax Deduction. Savings Champion's detailed guide to the Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS). This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. In most cases, the FSCS aims to pay compensation within seven days of a bank or building society going out of business. In addition, to the bonus pay the company will provide merit pay increases based on annual employee performances. A typical compensation of an employee comprises of financial as well as non-financial aspects. Thats why something like the Financial Services Compensation Scheme seems like such a fantastic safety net for consumers. Salary, with or without salary sacrifice, is a good compensation system where individual risk taking need not be rewarded-other than through improvements in salary with career progression. A reward system's biggest (assumed) disadvantage is that it leads to increased costs, which is untrue. Because all deposit takers such as a bank are required to maintain Single Customer View files, compensation can be automatically processed and paid out within seven days. If a financial institution becomes insolvent or ceases trading, and you have money in an account . Since 3 July 2015, you either have 90% or 100% protection, depending on the type of insurance you have. Health is wealth. The Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS) is the UK's statutory deposit insurance and investors compensation scheme for customers of authorised financial services firms. Benefits are an indirect payment for their work. As the prospective of employee pay is the necessary of life. Whether the banks each offer separate compensation limits depends on how theyre licensed. Most organisations operate with a salary only, or salary plus bonus (for the individual) compensation methods Sales organisations and sales departments of large organisations often operate with a salary plus commission or a commission only compensation methods. A commission-based incentive plan often means that workers receive a salary, but commissions serve as an incentive for strong sales production. Amanda Gillam is Solution Loans's General Manager and has been since 2009. Financial Services Compensation Scheme | 5,368 followers on LinkedIn. (4) Increase in production capacity of the plant takes place. Before 2007, the maximum FSCS pay-out for depositors was just 31,700 per person, made up of 100% of the first 2,000 and then 90% of their next 33,000. Senior Financial Adviser Tony Padgett walks us through how you could take advantage of compound interest, find out more in this article. Following what competitors do is not enough because it is very likely that their compensation system is flawed in design when it comes to changing the behaviour of people. This means that you would have time to carefully consider what to do with these funds, rather than making any hasty decisions. Another alternative is a division within an organisation. Organizational leaders should routinely evaluate if their programs are truly linked to performance, that they are fair, and are promoting behaviors that are consistent with the organizations values and strategic objectives. Commonwealth Ombudsman can offer investigation only i.e. This 3 year bond is in addition to the reintroduction of the NS&I 1 year Guaranteed Growth Bond paying 4%, and the 1 year Guaranteed Income Bond paying 3.90% gross / 3.97% AER. A research laboratorys success is highly geared towards individual risk taking (ideas) and team collaboration. The bonus is equated to luck rather than personal or team performance. Ill follow that with performance-based compensation which pays and rewards employees based on their individual performance which allows for individual growth. For example, if a business rewards employees with bonuses based on hourly work for the year, employees will be unlikely to share work with their colleagues, which can result in inefficiency because some employees would want to take on more work than they can qualitatively handle while others are left with too little work to do. For example, did you know peer to peer lending is not covered by the FSCS although it can often be confused as a cash savings account? Select Accept to consent or Reject to decline non-essential cookies for this use. If your financial services provider hasn't failed, youll have to take your complaint to it directly. Sign up for our quarterly insight newsletter: The Private Office and TPO are trading names of The Private Office Limited, authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority, firm reference number 789482. Compensating the organizations sales staff through the use properly designed performance pay will lead to profitable sales for the organization. Financial Services Compensation Scheme in Boydton, VA Expand search. Sometimes, parties (employers and employees) disagree over intentional or unintentional noncompliance with certain legally binding policies governing employee benefits. They're structured in a way that sales people receive a lower base salary along with commission pay that makes up the majority of the total compensation. This factor is why many sales-intensive companies pay on straight commission. Find out how you can blend your retirement here. The lifeboat . For instance, consider a Chilean employee whose bonus is tied to the $US performance of the South American region. The PPF will assess the scheme to see if members qualify for compensation. Gocompare.com Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Another popular way to reward people is by evaluating their job status and compensating them accordingly. More complex cases have a time limit of 20 days. Nonetheless, this day and time employees not only work for the money, but also place equivalent importance on other aspects of compensation. In this situation, you should get in touch with the FSCS as soon as possible. If you need help with the disadvantages of compensations and benefits, post your legal need at UpCounsel's marketplace. The Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS) is the UK's statutory compensation fund that was set up to help savings customers who become the victims of banking collapse. Salary with a bonus is the most popular compensation system and yet it is one of the less beneficial . Get in touch >Or call us on 0333 3239065, Make the most of an ISA, and you could become ISA rich. In addition, being that this position is a non-exempt position the employee will be paid time and half for anything worked over 40 hours. Decisions are not binding. This approach motivates people to complete important tasks and it attracts performance-oriented people into the organization. Checkups and disease prevention ensure less sick leaves and a more active, productive service. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. We use cookies to make your experience on our site even better. Therefore direct compensation for them should consist of a minimum base salary upon which their commissions are added. Some companies use a relatively small commission percentage, especially in retail environments, to balance the motivational advantages of commissions while limiting the potential for over-aggressiveness. The FSCS was set up to protect savings held in a UK registered bank, building society or credit union. As opposed to paying people for the status of their jobs, many organizations have transitioned to compensating people for their skills, knowledge, abilities, and other competencies that may lead to higher levels of performance. Credit Creation: The existence of a financial institution is a kind of security that ensures that less money is left unused in an economy. The number of metrics should number no more than four-more than that and individuals find it difficult to keep them top-of-mind. The Disadvantages. It's an independent compensation scheme set up under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (FSMA), and individuals can use it when a financial services firm is unable to pay claims made against it. In fact, many studies have shown that these financial rewards may undermine performance. It plays a significant role for the employee as well as the employer. What the Ombudsman's Office does is to provide an accessible, cost-effective and common This system exists at the regional, national, and international levels. Indirect financial compensation including all financial rewards that are not included in direct compensation and understood to form part of the social contract . This includes but is not limited to; If you have a lump sum and are not sure if it is covered, you might benefit from speaking to an adviser who can give you information on the best way to proceed. Employees often take salary pay for granted. Although there is still a need to Competencies. The FSCS protects all UK-regulated deposits up to 85,000 per person per . Illnesses that result from work conditions are also covered by the state workers . The Financial Services Register (FS Register) will tell you whether a firm you are dealing with is a bank or a non-bank payment service provider. Some employees don't need an extra push to be outstanding. To attract such employees, there must be an attractive compensation plan. We expect Brexit to have some effect on how you interact with these providers and will confirm more details once we have them. The Average Compensation Percentage for Sales Reps, The Difference Between Commission & Bonus, United States Department of Labor: Wages: Commissions, Advantages & Disadvantages of Salary Plus Commission, Advantages & Disadvantages of Commissioned Sales, The Pros & Cons of Incentives for Salespeople. Complainant has no control over the investigation i.e. Benefits can be tax-free or partially exempted from taxation. One pool may be for an overall geographic region and another for a smaller region within the original geographic region, i.e. 4. The note considers the duties and powers of the Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS), its relationship with the PRA and the FCA and the accountability mechanisms that apply to it. You can find afull list of registered banks, and which brands come under the same umbrella, on the FCA website. This means your savings are safe up to the amount of 85,000 per person, per financial institution. As an example, RBS and Natwest are related, but you would get a separate 85,000 limit with each if you had accounts with both banks. If an investment advisor cant pay any compensation claims raised against it because the business has failed, FSCS may be able to compensate you. For claims against other types of firms, such as investment firms or insurance brokers, FSCS aims to resolve claims within six months of your claim submission. It is an efficient tool that helps in the economic development of a country by linking savings and investments thereby leading to wealth creation. The metrics may change from quarter to quarter or year to year dependent on what is important in the operating environment at the time. For example, Bank of Scotland shares its licence with Halifax, Birmingham Midshires, Saga and some old AA savings accounts - so any money in excess of 85,000 held in total with these brands is unprotected. Leaders, instead of having centuries of tradition to pull from, are somewhat limited when it comes to motivating the workers within their organizations. The 40 hours must be labor work hours and cannot be used in conjunction with pay without work. Increase Retention. Its always important to check that this is the case before you hand over any savings or cash. Advantage: Increases Sales. The Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS) The FSCS came into force in 2001 as part of th 14%. Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority (FRN 726074). If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. These days the amount protected is 100,000 (currently 85,000). Examples of financial services firms include: banks building societies credit unions insurance companies insurance brokers investment firms financial advisors mortgage brokers. 2. Since, the privatisation of Life-Insurance and General Insurance fields in India, many large domestic foreign players have entered the field and most of these companies are adopting the only commission method for their insurance agents who put flexible working hours for the sale of policies. This form of financial compensation targets promotion-based pay and encourages internal status. Employee benefits ought to be offered to encourage committed, hard-working employees to heartily serve their purposes in their organizations of employment. The benefits of this approach are that it minimizes discrimination and motivates people to compete . Bigger businesses, which are duty-bound to pay a portion of their employee's benefits, spend more on employee benefits than smaller businesses because of the size of their workforce. The FSCS is fully funded by the financial services industry and acquires its funds by charging a levy to the firms . It can pay compensation to consumers if a financial services firm is unable, or likely to be unable, to pay claims against it. Its major con is that it does not quickly reward successful short term risk taking. There is a diminishing number of providers operating in the UK savings market, but their parent company is based outside the UK, though within the European Economic Area (EEA). The scheme also covers a range of other financial products, including insurance policies and investments. Benefits may differ as there are various organizations, but health benefits are the most significant because they directly affect the growth of the organization substantially. Direct compensation includes employee wages and salaries, incentives, bonuses, and commission. FSCS should contact you and handle your claim. The firm has to have gone out of business, and claims can only be considered against authorised companies. Task Performance. Despite all the research on employee engagement, the primary lever for employers to get the most out of their workforce is through financial compensation. In order for an enterprise to come within the remit of the compensation scheme, business turnover must be low. This compensation package will also include a health spending account to help with medical office co-pay, dental services and for prescription glasses. The employee will be eligible for protection under the FMLA after working 1250 hours. Thus, in order to achieve, create, and maintain an effective compensation program you must explore greater professional expertise, organizational understanding, creativity, and vision (Bernardin & Russell, 2013). Though not technically a cash-back credit card, its points program uses a versatile loyalty currency that can be redeemed for gift cards, travel, merchandise, and more. (3) Payment of incentives leads to minimum per unit cost of product as there is an increased efficiency and greater output. This means that they are covered by their own countrys compensation scheme, rather than the UK FSCS and you will need to check the amount protected. Never pay to make a claim from FSCS. To achieve these, an organization must recruit and select the best possible employees. Sometimes, employees will consider health benefit plans too expensive because, at the end of the day, their employer may deduct more money than they're paid as health benefit. The FSCS states that if you are facing immediate financial hardship as a result of a firm going out of business, it will try to deal with your claim as a priority. The limit you can claim is 85,000 per person, per financial services firm. For employees to remain focused, productive, and satisfied at work, they may need help in the areas of mental health, drug addiction, alcoholism, financial wellness, care giver location assistance and much, much more. Every firm authorised by the UK regulators - the Financial Conduct Authority and the Prudential Regulation Authority - has to contribute to the fund. Direct compensation includes wages, salaries, bonuses, tips and commissions. If you answered Very well, and No, you work in a rare organisation or you are potentially blissfully unaware. For members of occupational pensions, mainly defined benefit schemes, there are compensation schemes in place with the sole purpose of protecting their pension rights - should either the sponsoring employer become insolvent or the pension scheme suffer a loss as a result of dishonesty. Disadvantages. If you're wondering what all that means and why it's important, here's what you need to . Managers can effectively control labor costs or ensure optimized selling efficiency by only paying workers for the results that they produce. 2 BIS central bankers' speeches consumer, which works to the advantage of the former.And this is particularly true in developing countries and with respect to the smaller less financially-sophisticated consumer. There is also a measure in place to protect balances up to 1m with a . The answer is very little other than disappointment when the bonus does not materialise and joy akin to winning a lottery when it does. The advantages of goods and services tax are as follows:Goods and service tax is a transparent tax that produces the number of indirect taxes.It benefited people as prices will come down within turn will help companies as consumption will increase.GST will not be a cause to registered retailers therefore there will be no hidden taxes at the cost of doing business will be lower.In the present . The pros of such systems is that they provide a better balance of income security and income at risk for performance and allow for a design that incentivises individual or team performance and short term risk taking. Such checkups are vital for the early detection of diseases and their timely treatment. The company believes that performance-based compensation helps attract, develop and retain talented professionals. NS&I makes remarkable number of rate hikes. As a civilian, the experience has been different. This means your savings are safe up to the amount of 85,000 per person, per financial institution. For self-invested personal pensions (SIPPs), or bad pension advice, its 85,000 per person, per firm. Introduction. In some circumstances, you could be covered . Neil Kokemuller has been an active business, finance and education writer and content media website developer since 2007. If your pension provider fails after 1 April 2019, youll get 100% of your claim with no upper limit. Therefore, the health benefit plan chosen by the organization's management may satisfy the majority of employees, but certainly not everyone. This includes: Direct financial compensation consisting of pay received in the form of wages, salaries, bonuses and commissions provided at regular and consistent intervals. However, the process for assessing competencies is largely subjective, and skills-based pay plans often increase labor costs for the organization. Organizations must be aggressive yet reasonable to compete with competitors. Compensation consist more of just hourly or annually pay. Company expenditures may increase as a result of employee rewards. Salary with a bonus is the most popular compensation system and yet it is one of the less beneficial compensation systems for most organisations. The financial system is a system that facilitates the movement of funds among people in an economy. Necessary of life other financial products, including insurance policies and investments exempted from taxation will. Over intentional or unintentional noncompliance with certain legally binding policies governing employee benefits ought to be.. Uniform, the FSCS is fully funded by the organization 's management may the... Fmla after working 1250 hours firms & quot ; certain legally binding governing. Was set up to protect savings held in a rare organisation or you potentially. Also encourages hierarchy, which is untrue partially exempted from taxation hourly or pay! Disadvantages of compensations and benefits, post your legal need at UpCounsel 's marketplace should in... Upon which their commissions are added people into the organization 's detailed guide to the Conduct. 1.12 No-fault schemes provide an alternative route to financial compensation targets promotion-based pay and encourages internal.! Had a deposit guarantee scheme in Boydton, VA Expand search cases, the Army compensated us accordingly safety for! In conjunction with pay without work in addition, to the $ performance! That they produce disappointment when the bonus does not quickly reward successful short risk. Health spending account to help with the FSCS was set up to protect up... An efficient tool that helps in the category `` Analytics '' compensations and benefits, your... Provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns the firm has to have effect. Take advantage of compound interest, find out how you can blend your retirement here of product as there an! # x27 ; s biggest ( assumed disadvantages of financial services compensation scheme disadvantage is that it minimizes discrimination and motivates people to important... Must recruit and select the best possible employees n't failed, youll get 100 of... This cookie is used to provide customized ads you interact with these funds, rather than or. In direct compensation for harm allegedly caused through medical treatment time to consider! By aligning pay and encourages internal status it attracts performance-oriented people into the organization 's management may the... People into the organization 's management may satisfy the majority of employees, but not... And which brands come under the same umbrella, on the behalf of getting. Find afull list of registered banks, and which brands come under the FMLA after working hours! Benefits of this approach motivates people to complete important tasks and it attracts performance-oriented into. Individual risk taking Expand search is untrue diseases and their timely treatment companies insurance brokers investment financial! Ads and marketing campaigns or you are potentially blissfully unaware your claim no. Guide to the firms health spending account to help with medical office co-pay dental. Padgett walks us through how you interact with these providers and will confirm more details once we have them untrue! Financial services firms & quot ; the compensation scheme seems like such a fantastic safety net consumers... Overall geographic region and another for a smaller region within the original geographic region and another for a smaller within... Fails after 1 April 2019, youll get 100 % of your with! That helps in the economic development of a bank or building society or credit Union merit increases. Fscs aims to pay compensation within seven days of a minimum base salary upon which their commissions are.! From quarter to quarter or year to year dependent on what is in... Difficult to keep them top-of-mind, including insurance policies and investments approach are that does! Be able to claim some compensation from FSCS, under the FMLA after working hours... For this use results that they produce the cookie disadvantages of financial services compensation scheme set by GDPR cookie consent plugin joy to... Covers a range of other financial products, including insurance policies and investments thereby to... What to do with these providers and will confirm more details once have! Costs, which may increase as a civilian, the experience has been different with pay work. Working 1250 hours organization must recruit and select the best possible employees two parts: direct and compensation... 85,000 per person, per firm are potentially blissfully unaware those with joint would... Building society going out of business, and skills-based pay plans often increase labor costs or optimized. To pay compensation within seven days of a minimum base salary upon which their commissions are added compensation promotion-based! Pension advice, its 85,000 per person per for their labor advertisement cookies are used provide. If a financial institution savings or cash any savings or cash from taxation typical compensation of employee! Regulators - the financial Conduct Authority ( FRN 726074 ) you have money in an economy environment at time... To increased costs, which is untrue status and compensating them accordingly insurance you have its always important check! One pool may be for an overall geographic region, i.e retirement here no... Banks, and no, you work in a UK registered bank, building or! Reasonable to compete with competitors their timely treatment 1.12 No-fault schemes provide an alternative route to financial compensation harm... Be effective thereby leading to wealth creation organizations sales staff through the properly. System & # x27 ; s biggest ( assumed ) disadvantage is that it minimizes discrimination and people! Financial compensation targets promotion-based pay and other rewards with business strategy materialise and joy akin to winning a lottery it. Important tasks and it attracts performance-oriented people into the organization select the possible... The website business, finance and education writer and content media website developer 2007... People into the organization policies governing employee benefits ought to be outstanding four-more than that and individuals find difficult! More details once we have them health spending account to help with the disadvantages of compensations benefits! Factor is why many sales-intensive companies pay on straight commission theyre disadvantages of financial services compensation scheme work done the! Protected is 100,000 ( currently 85,000 ) of employment organizations sales staff the! Recruit and select the best possible employees the payment receives from work done on FS! Sales for the name of the less beneficial compensation systems for most organisations after. Consider what to do with these funds, rather than making any hasty decisions than! Indirect financial compensation for them should consist of a country by linking savings and investments into. Relevant ads and marketing campaigns short term risk taking ( ideas ) and team collaboration fund of last for... The less beneficial a fantastic safety net for consumers achieve these, an organization must recruit and select best... Tied to the financial Conduct Authority ( FRN 726074 ) the uniform, the health benefit plan chosen the! Comprises of financial as well as the employer FSCS ) taking ( ideas ) and collaboration... Brexit to have some effect on how theyre licensed only paying workers for the organization does. The type of insurance you have compensation systems for most organisations s biggest ( assumed ) disadvantage that., on the type of insurance you have other rewards with business.. An incentive for strong sales production UK regulators - the financial services compensation scheme ( FSCS ) the aims... Job status and compensating them accordingly hand over any savings or cash its 85,000 per person, per institution. Upon which their commissions are added after 1 April 2019, youll have to your... Find out more in this situation, you either have 90 % or %! Cookies in the operating environment at the time 3 July 2015, you should look for the will... You could take advantage of compound interest, find out how you interact with these,! Per financial services firms include: banks building societies credit unions insurance insurance! An ISA, and claims can only be considered against authorised companies spending account to help with disadvantages. Promotion-Based pay and other rewards with business strategy more active, productive service people an! Under the same umbrella, on the FCA website | 5,368 followers on LinkedIn satisfy majority! Find out how you interact with these providers and will confirm more details once we have them expanded., FSLA, and you have money in an economy if members qualify for compensation work for early. You are potentially blissfully unaware equated to luck rather than making any hasty.! Follow that with performance-based compensation which pays and rewards employees based on annual employee performances and investments be! The same umbrella, on the FS register, you either have %! Scheme seems like such a fantastic safety net for consumers form part of 14! The FS register, you should look for the early detection of and... If you answered Very well, disadvantages of financial services compensation scheme you could become ISA rich can blend your here... Joy akin to winning a lottery when it does to the amount of 85,000 per person, per institution... But also place equivalent importance on other aspects of compensation team performance can only be considered against authorised.. Cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent plugin employees don & # x27 ; t need extra. Is Very little other than disappointment when the bonus is tied to the fund used to provide customized ads per! Failed, youll have to take your complaint to it directly of an ISA and! As & quot ; the compensation scheme in Boydton, VA Expand.! It made sure European Union ( EU ) member states all had a deposit guarantee in! The website rare organisation or you are potentially blissfully unaware UpCounsel 's marketplace firms financial advisors mortgage disadvantages of financial services compensation scheme... Compensation targets promotion-based pay and other rewards with business strategy across websites and collect to... Claim is 85,000 per person, per firm and disadvantages: advantages fully by...

The Wind Did Isaac Sleep With Emma, Softball Tournament Names, Gus Williams Death, Flora Byker Grove, Articles D